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Sama (Sufism)
Sama ((トルコ語:Sema), Persian and (アラビア語:سَمَاع) - ''samā‘un'') is a Sufi ceremony performed as dhikr. Sama means "listening", while ''dhikr'' means "remembrance".〔During, J., and R. Sellheim. "Sama" Encyclopedia of Islam, Second Edition. Ed. P. Bearman, T. Bianquis, C. E. Bosworth, E. Van Donzel and W. P. Heinrichs. Brill Online, 2010.〕 These rituals often includes singing, playing instruments, dancing, recitation of poetry and prayers, wearing symbolic attire, and other rituals. It is a particularly popular form of worship in the Chishti order of the Indian subcontinent.
In 2008, UNESCO confirmed the "The Mevlevi Sama Ceremony" of Turkey as one of the Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity.〔(The Mevlevi Sama Ceremony ) UNESCO.〕
==Etymology==
This term stems from the root-verb meaning ''acceptance by tradition'', from which derives the words سَمْع (''sam‘un'') and اِسْتِمَاع (''’istimā‘un'', listening), often paired with نَقْل (''naqlun'') and تَقْلِيد (''taqlīdun'', tradition).〔Arabic: قاموس المنجد — Moungued Dictionary (paper); Persian: Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb — Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary 2 (paper), by Johnny Cheung, Brill Academic.〕 It may have been in use since the 10th century to refer to a type of ''dhikr'' (remembrance of God), a ''spiritual concert'', a ceremony used by various Sufi orders, particularly the Chishti order of the sub-continent. It often involves prayer, song and dance.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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